Noun canonicity in heritage speakers and monolingual speakers of Spanish

Damaris Mayans

doi:10.14198/ELUA.21688

Autores/as

Damaris Mayans Colby College, Estados Unidos https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6785-9392

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14198/ELUA.21688

Palabras clave:

canonicidad, hablantes de herencia del español, características léxico-sintácticas, concordancia de género

Resumen

La presente investigación examina el papel de los fonemas nominales predictivos de género en operaciones de concordancia de género en dos poblaciones lingüísticas diferentes: hablantes bilingües de herencia español-inglés y hablantes monolingües de español. Este estudio analizó datos de 34 hablantes monolingües de la República Dominicana y 44 hablantes de herencia de español nacidos en los Estados Unidos que completaron una tarea de denominación de imágenes en el Experimento 1 (concordancia entre determinante y sustantivo) y una tarea de descripción de imágenes en el Experimento 2 (concordancia entre sustantivo y adjetivo). Los análisis estadísticos de tiempo de reacción indicaron que la canonicidad tuvo un efecto facilitador para los hablantes monolingües ya que eran más rápidos con sustantivos transparentes que con sustantivos opacos. Dentro del grupo de hablantes de herencia, no se encontraron efectos de canonicidad en los análisis de los tiempos de reacción de ambos experimentos. No obstante, hubo un efecto de canonicidad en el análisis de las tasas de errores de ambos experimentos, específicamente, un efecto facilitador de la transparencia, en consonancia con otros estudios con hablantes de herencia del español y/o monolingües de español (Hur, Lopez y Sanchez 2020; Montrul, Davidson, De La Fuente y Foote 2014; Montrul, De La Fuente, Davidson y Foote 2013; Alarcón 2011; Montrul, Foote y Perpiñán 2008). El efecto principal de canonicidad y frecuencia en el Experimento 1 y la interacción entre frecuencia y canonicidad encontrada en el Experimento 2 sugieren que la canonicidad, particularmente las terminaciones nominales predictivas, y la frecuencia nominal (información léxico-sintáctica del sustantivo) tiene un efecto facilitador en el proceso de concordancia de género. Por lo tanto, estos resultados corroboran las predicciones de la Hipótesis de las Dos Rutas propuesta por Gollan y Frost (2001) y estudios psicolingüísticos que han encontrado una ruta léxico-sintáctica y una ruta que hace uso de los marcadores nominales (ortográficos o fonémicos) para el acceso al género (Caffarra, Jansen y Barber 2014). Los hallazgos en el presente estudio contribuyen a la comprensión de los diferentes mecanismos de procesamiento en dos poblaciones de hablantes y a nuestro conocimiento del papel general de las terminaciones nominales predictivas en los procesos de concordancia de género en hablantes de español monolingües y de herencia.

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